Periodontal Disease
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease impacts the gums and bone supporting your teeth, beginning with plaque buildup. If not removed, plaque hardens into tartar, leading to gum damage characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding. In its early stages, periodontal disease is often painless but is a leading cause of tooth loss. It may also be linked to serious health issues like stroke, diabetes, and heart disease, with smoking further increasing the risk. Maintaining good oral hygiene and attending regular dental check-ups are key to prevention.
Diagnosis
Periodontal disease is diagnosed during a routine dental check-up using a periodontal probe to measure the pocket between the tooth and gum. Healthy pockets measure 3mm or less and do not bleed.
The stages of periodontal disease include:
- Gingivitis: Early stage marked by gum inflammation and bleeding from plaque buildup.
- Periodontitis: Plaque hardens into tartar, causing gum recession, deeper pockets, and infection, which can lead to bone loss.
- Advanced Periodontitis: Severe damage to gums, bone, and ligaments, resulting in loose teeth and significant bone loss if left untreated.
Treatment
Treatment for periodontal disease varies based on its severity. Early-stage gingivitis can often be managed with regular cleanings and better oral hygiene. In more advanced stages, scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) may be needed to remove tartar and plaque and smooth rough root surfaces. If pockets do not heal, periodontal surgery might be required, and a consultation with a periodontist may be recommended.
Maintenance
Plaque can turn into tartar within 24 hours if not removed. Following periodontal treatment, regular cleanings—typically four times a year—are crucial for monitoring pocket depths and removing hard-to-reach tartar. Each appointment includes X-rays, evaluation of existing restorations, decay checks, oral cancer screenings, hygiene recommendations, and teeth polishing. Consistent cleanings and good oral hygiene are essential for managing periodontal disease and maintaining overall dental health.
Causes of Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease (gum disease) is caused by bacterial infections from plaque, leading to gum inflammation and potential tooth loss if left untreated. Early-stage gingivitis is reversible, but if ignored, it can damage gums and jawbone. Common causes include poor dental hygiene, tobacco use, genetics, pregnancy, stress, poor diet, diabetes, teeth grinding, and certain medications.
Treatment may involve professional cleaning (scaling and root planing), antibiotics, and, if necessary, tissue grafts or implants. Preventing gum disease is vital for maintaining healthy teeth and gums, achieved through regular dental care and addressing risk factors.
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Individuals with gum disease are nearly twice as likely to develop coronary heart disease and face a higher risk of stroke. Bacteria from gum infections can enter the bloodstream, contributing to plaque buildup, clot formation, and inflammation in the arteries, raising the risk of heart disease.
Treatment typically includes deep cleaning (scaling and root planing) to remove plaque and tartar, along with antibiotics to manage infection. Regular dental care is essential for preventing periodontal disease and supporting overall health.